False Identity Detection Using Complex Sentences

The use of faked identities is a current issue for both physical and online security. In this paper, we test the differences between subjects who report their true identity and the ones who give fake identity responding to control, simple, and complex questions. Asking complex questions is a new procedure for increasing liars' cognitive load, which is presented in this paper for the first time. The experiment consisted in an identity verification task, during which response time and errors were collected. Twenty participants were instructed to lie about their identity, whereas the other 20 were asked to respond truthfully. Different machine learning (ML) models were trained, reaching an accuracy level around 90-95% in distinguishing liars from truth tellers based on error rate and response time. Then, to evaluate the generalization and replicability of these models, a new sample of 10 participants were tested and classified, obtaining an accuracy between 80 and 90%. In short, results indicate that liars may be efficiently distinguished from truth tellers on the basis of their response times and errors to complex questions, with an adequate generalization accuracy of the classification models

The detection of malingering in whiplash-related injuries: a targeted literature review of the available strategies

[EN] Objective The present review is intended to provide an up-to-date overview of the strategies available to detect malingered symptoms following whiplash. Whiplash-associated disorders (WADs) represent the most common traffic injuries, having a major impact on economic and healthcare systems worldwide. Heterogeneous symptoms that may arise following whiplash injuries are difficult to objectify and are normally determined based on self-reported complaints. These elements, together with the litigation context, make fraudulent claims particularly likely. Crucially, at present, there is no clear evidence of the instruments available to detect malingered WADs. Methods We conducted a targeted literature review of the methodologies adopted to detect malingered WADs. Relevant studies were identified via Medline (PubMed) and Scopus databases published up to September 2020. Results Twenty-two methodologies are included in the review, grouped into biomechanical techniques, clinical tools applied to forensic settings, and cognitive-based lie detection techniques. Strengths and weaknesses of each methodology are presented, and future directions are discussed. Conclusions Despite the variety of techniques that have been developed to identify malingering in forensic contexts, the present work highlights the current lack of rigorous methodologies for the assessment of WADs that take into account both the heterogeneous nature of the syndrome and the possibility of malingering. We conclude that it is pivotal to promote awareness about the presence of malingering in whiplash cases and highlight the need for novel, high-quality research in this field, with the potential to contribute to the development of standardised procedures for the evaluation of WADs and the detection of malingering.Open access funding provided by Universita degli Studi di Padova within the CRUI-CARE Agreement. This work was supported by funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 777090.Monaro, M.; Baydal Bertomeu, JM.; Zecchinato, F.; Fietta, V.; Sartori, G.; De Rosario Martínez, H. (2021). The detection of malingering in whiplash-related injuries: a targeted literature review of the available strategies. International Journal of Legal Medicine. 135(5):2017-2032. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-021-02589-wS20172032135

Infant learning from fathers in a social referencing paradigm: a registered report

Anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent mental disorders among children worldwide. The exposure to parents’ anxious behaviours represents an environmental risk factor for offspring anxiety and infant behavioural inhibition is prospectively associated with the broad class of anxiety disorders. However, fathers have been largely neglected in the study of child anxiety and their causal role in its intergenerational transmission remains to be investigated. In this experiment, we will test the impact of experimentally-manipulating fathers’ socially anxious behaviours on their infants’ behavioural and emotional responses to a stranger in a social referencing paradigm. Moreover, we will investigate the moderating role of infant behavioural inhibition. Twelve to 14-month-old infants (N sample size = XX; M age = XX; SD = XX) recruited in the county of Hampshire, United Kingdom, will participate in the study with their non-anxious fathers, who will be trained to interact in a neutral or anxious manner with two different male strangers. All infants will experience two conditions: (i) father interacting in a neutral (i.e., non-anxious) manner with the stranger, and (ii) father interacting in a socially anxious manner with a different stranger. The order of each condition and the order of stranger presentation will be counterbalanced. This experimental study will help shed light on the causal role of fathers’ anxious behaviours in the intergenerational transmission of anxiety

Mouse Tracking IAT in Customer Research: An Investigation of Users’ Implicit Attitudes Towards Social Networks

none5openMonaro, Merylin; Negri, Paolo; Zecchinato, Francesca; Gamberini, Luciano; Sartori, GiuseppeMonaro, Merylin; Negri, Paolo; Zecchinato, Francesca; Gamberini, Luciano; Sartori, Giusepp

DataSheet1.zip

<p>The use of faked identities is a current issue for both physical and online security. In this paper, we test the differences between subjects who report their true identity and the ones who give fake identity responding to control, simple, and complex questions. Asking complex questions is a new procedure for increasing liars' cognitive load, which is presented in this paper for the first time. The experiment consisted in an identity verification task, during which response time and errors were collected. Twenty participants were instructed to lie about their identity, whereas the other 20 were asked to respond truthfully. Different machine learning (ML) models were trained, reaching an accuracy level around 90–95% in distinguishing liars from truth tellers based on error rate and response time. Then, to evaluate the generalization and replicability of these models, a new sample of 10 participants were tested and classified, obtaining an accuracy between 80 and 90%. In short, results indicate that liars may be efficiently distinguished from truth tellers on the basis of their response times and errors to complex questions, with an adequate generalization accuracy of the classification models.</p

Presentation1.pdf

<p>The use of faked identities is a current issue for both physical and online security. In this paper, we test the differences between subjects who report their true identity and the ones who give fake identity responding to control, simple, and complex questions. Asking complex questions is a new procedure for increasing liars' cognitive load, which is presented in this paper for the first time. The experiment consisted in an identity verification task, during which response time and errors were collected. Twenty participants were instructed to lie about their identity, whereas the other 20 were asked to respond truthfully. Different machine learning (ML) models were trained, reaching an accuracy level around 90–95% in distinguishing liars from truth tellers based on error rate and response time. Then, to evaluate the generalization and replicability of these models, a new sample of 10 participants were tested and classified, obtaining an accuracy between 80 and 90%. In short, results indicate that liars may be efficiently distinguished from truth tellers on the basis of their response times and errors to complex questions, with an adequate generalization accuracy of the classification models.</p

The detection of malingering in whiplash-related injuries: a targeted literature review of the available strategies

OBJECTIVE: The present review is intended to provide an up-to-date overview of the strategies available to detect malingered symptoms following whiplash. Whiplash-associated disorders (WADs) represent the most common traffic injuries, having a major impact on economic and healthcare systems worldwide. Heterogeneous symptoms that may arise following whiplash injuries are difficult to objectify and are normally determined based on self-reported complaints. These elements, together with the litigation context, make fraudulent claims particularly likely. Crucially, at present, there is no clear evidence of the instruments available to detect malingered WADs.METHODS: We conducted a targeted literature review of the methodologies adopted to detect malingered WADs. Relevant studies were identified via Medline (PubMed) and Scopus databases published up to September 2020.RESULTS: Twenty-two methodologies are included in the review, grouped into biomechanical techniques, clinical tools applied to forensic settings, and cognitive-based lie detection techniques. Strengths and weaknesses of each methodology are presented, and future directions are discussed.CONCLUSIONS: Despite the variety of techniques that have been developed to identify malingering in forensic contexts, the present work highlights the current lack of rigorous methodologies for the assessment of WADs that take into account both the heterogeneous nature of the syndrome and the possibility of malingering. We conclude that it is pivotal to promote awareness about the presence of malingering in whiplash cases and highlight the need for novel, high-quality research in this field, with the potential to contribute to the development of standardised procedures for the evaluation of WADs and the detection of malingering